tio2 thin film: preparation, characterization, and its photocatalytic degradation of basic yellow 28 dye

in this research, the thin films of n-s doped titanium dioxide (tio2) were successfully prepared by simple sol-gel method in the presence of tetrabutylorthotitanate as a starting reagent. furthermore, titanium dioxide (tio2) was functionalized with thiourea. furthermore, n-s doped titanium dioxides (nsto) were fixed on glass balls by glass balls fixed-bed reactor system. besides, the effect of some parameters such as volume and exit flow rate of basic yellow 28 solution on the degradation of basic yellow 28 solution under visible light irradiation were investigated. moreover, the degradation rates were found to be strongly influenced by all the above parameters. the as- synthesized n-s doped titanium dioxides (nsto) were characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microscopy (sem), spectra energy dispersive analysis of x-ray (edx), and ultraviolet–visible (uv–vis) techniques.sol-gel synthesis of titanium dioxide was favorable, because the synthesis time of sol-gel method was shorter than that of other method.